Non-ionizing Radiation
Aaron Wilmot
Radiofrequency - Microwave and Magnetic Field Safety
This program applies to all users of devices and equipment designed to generate radiofrequency (RF), microwave, or magnetic fields (static or time varying). Examples include radio transmitters, microwave sources for research, MRI (magnetic resonance imagining), SQUID (superconducting quantum interface device), particle accelerators, computer drive erasers, etc. The information provided here will assist users in ensuring safety and regulatory compliance for non-ionizing radiation sources.
Safety guides are available under the Requirements/Guidelines link.
Program Applicability
The Non‑Ionizing Radiation Program applies to Penn State employees, students, visitors, and contractors who use or work around equipment and devices that generate non‑ionizing radiation, including radiofrequency (RF), microwave, infrared, ultraviolet (UV), and magnetic fields. This includes both static and time‑varying magnetic fields.
The program commonly applies to users of equipment such as:
- Radio transmitters and antennas
- Microwave sources used in research
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems
- High‑field magnets and electromagnets
- SQUID systems (superconducting quantum interference devices)
- Particle accelerators and computer drive erasers
The program exists to support safe use and regulatory compliance for non‑ionizing radiation sources used in teaching, research, and operational activities across the University.
Program Requirements
The Non‑Ionizing Radiation Program establishes requirements for the safe operation, hazard evaluation, and control of non‑ionizing radiation sources.
General Requirements
- Equipment that generates non‑ionizing radiation must be evaluated and operated in accordance with EHS safety guidance.
- Exposure to non‑ionizing radiation must be controlled to prevent injury from thermal, optical, or electromagnetic effects.
- Users must follow program‑specific safety guides for the type of radiation source in use.
Responsibilities of Supervisors and Principal Investigators:
- Ensure non‑ionizing radiation sources are used only as intended and in compliance with EHS requirements.
- Identify personnel who may be exposed and ensure applicable training and safety guidance are provided.
- Implement appropriate engineering, administrative, and work‑practice controls.
- Coordinate with Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) when new equipment is installed, modified, or relocated, or when exposure concerns arise.
Responsibilities of Users:
- Follow established safety guidance and operational procedures.
- Use required shielding, interlocks, warning systems, or personal protective measures when applicable.
- Report unsafe conditions or suspected overexposures to their supervisor and EHS.
EHS provides technical support, exposure assessments, and compliance guidance to help minimize risk associated with non‑ionizing radiation sources across Penn State.
Documents and Forms
- Radiofrequency and Microwave Safety Guide - Radiofrequency and microwave sources
- Magnetic Field Safety Guide - MRI, electromagnetics, and all high field strength magnets